Hair removal device and method

ABSTRACT

A device and process for the permanent removal of unwanted human hair. Hair on a section of skin is contaminated with a substance having high absorption of a frequency band of light. The skin is illuminated with light at this frequency band at sufficient intensity and duration to kill the follicles or the skin tissue feeding of the hair. Specific embodiments to produce death of the follicles or the skin tissues feeding the hair by heating and by photochemical reaction.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/091,247, filed Jul. 12, 1993, and now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of applications Ser. No. 07/783,789, filed Oct. 29, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,907, and Ser. No. 08/005,810 filed Jan. 19, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,425,728.

This invention relates to devices and methods for hair removal and in particular to the use of laser devices for hair removal.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The principal methods used at present for hair removal involve the use of electrolysis techniques or chemical depilatories. These techniques involve some pain, are time consuming, and demand a fair degree of expertise in their application and normally do not guarantee a permanent effect.

Laser use in medicine is well known. For example, lasers are used in surgery for both cutting and cauterization. Lasers have been used for many years for removing tattoos under the surface of the skin. In this case a laser beam penetrates the skin and is absorbed by and destroys the ink particle. A similar procedure has been used for years to remove birth marks where the laser is matched to an absorption peak of the erythrocyte's hemoglobin in the tiny capillaries under the skin to destroy the capillaries.

The prior art of hair removal also includes attempts at removing hair with laser beams. Three such techniques are described in the following United States patents: Weissman et al., Method for Laser Depilation Device and Method, U.S. Pat. No. 4,388,924; Sutton, Depilation Device and Method, U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,926; and Mayer, Depilation by Means of Laser Energy, U.S. Pat. No. 3,538,919. All of these devices and methods teach the removal of hairs one hair at a time with a narrowly focused laser beam. Therefore, they are relatively inefficient and time consuming. A recent patent by Zaias, U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,192 issued Oct. 22, 1991 discloses a process for using a laser beam matched to the melanin found at the base of the hair follicle and papilla. It has been known for at least 20 years in the medical profession that selective absorption of laser radiation can sometimes be enhanced by the technique of staining pathological tissues with various vital dyes. (See Goldman U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,963.)

What is needed is a simple, harmless device and method for removal of hair over a relatively broad area of skin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Present invention provides a device and process for the permanent removal of unwanted human hair. The hair or the skin tissue feeding or surrounding the hair on a section of skin is contaminated with a substance having high absorption of a frequency band of light. The section of skin is illuminated with light at this frequency band at sufficient intensity and duration to kill the follicle or the skin tissue feeding the hair. Specific embodiments produce death of the follicle or the tissue by heating or by photochemical reaction.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing of a section of human skin showing a growing hair.

FIGS. 2A, B and C show a cross section of skin and 3 hairs during 3 stages of a process of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows qualitatively the paths of the photons of a laser pulse showing absorption in a carbon-oil suspension.

FIGS. 4A and B show the temperature distribution near a typical hair during the process of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows qualitatively the paths of the photons of a laser pulse showing absorption in hair dye.

FIG. 6 shows a method of destruction of hair one hair at a time.

FIG. 7 describes a method of hair destruction where the contaminant is one which releases substantial energy when irradated with a pulsed laser beam.

FIG. 8 shows how to generate a substantially flat laser beam with optical fibers.

FIG. 9 illustrates the use of an ultrasound device for applying contaminant to a section of skin.

FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing of a laser and associated controls of a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention can be described by reference to the figures.

COAT AND HEAT METHOD Skin Preparation

A section of human skin showing a cross section of one hair is shown in FIG. 1. A first preferred embodiment of the present invention can be described by reference to FIGS. 2-4. FIG. 1 shows a hair duct 31, a follicle 32 at the bottom of the duct, the hair shaft 33, a nerve ending 34, a sweat gland 35 and arteries 36 and veins 37. First, a laser absorbing carbon suspension is prepared of carbon powder in peach oil. The particle size of the powder preferably is about 10-20 nm and its concentration preferably is about 15% to 20% by volume.

A section of skin is first cleaned with cleansing lotion Almay or Formula 450, which open pores. This section of skin is depicted in FIG. 2A. The suspension of carbon powder in peach oil is rubbed on the skin with a massaging action so that portions of the carbon suspension infiltrates the hair ducts of the hair that is to be removed as shown in FIG. 2B. Ultrasound with frequencies in the range of 3.5 to 16 MHz at a power level of about 0.1 to 0.2 watts with 4 to 5 minutes could be used to help force the suspension into the ducts. Hair pores could also be filled with Carbon by laser ignited shock waves with micro explosion of Ag₂C₂. Clean section of skin is topically applied with Ag₂C₂ powder, then is covered tightly by Scotch tape. Laser nanosecond pulse of 10.6 or 1.06 micron with energy density 0.2-0.3 J/cm2 shoots to the tape causing a painless explosion. Carbon is pushed and penetrates into the pores. Skin surface is wiped off with alcohol pad. Next the surface of the skin is cleaned preferably with an alcohol pad to make the skin surface clean but to leave the hair pores contaminated with the carbon suspension as shown in FIG. 2C.

Laser Application

The laser device used in this preferred embodiment is a CO₂ pulse laser which has the spikes in the range of 10.6 microns. Light in this range will pass through the outer layer of the surface of the skin and is readily absorbed in carbon. Laser parameters such as pulse width and repetition rate can be selected to best fit the skin and hair types of the patients. The parameter for two specific examples which I have utilized with good results for hair removal are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1 Parameters Preferred. First Example Second Example Pulse Width 275 ns 200 ns Repetition Rate 30 Hz 8 Hz Laser Spot Size 1 cm² 1 cm² Energy per Pulse 0.1 Joule 0.2 Joule Scanning Rate 20 seconds per 10 cm² 30 seconds per 10 cm²

Each point on the skin receives illumination for about 2 seconds and each square centimeter receives about 6 Joules. Some of the light is reflected. Of the light which is not reflected a significant portion of the energy of each pulse is absorbed in the carbon.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified view of a section of human skin and qualitatively the paths 12 of some of the photons of a laser pulse illuminating a section of skin 2 containing a hair duct with a hair 4 contaminated with carbon suspension 6. A few of the photons travel directly through the skin and are absorbed in the carbon (depicted by photon 14). Some are reflected from the skin surface (depicted by photons 16). Some are absorbed in the skin (depicted as photons 18) and a portion of the photons are absorbed in the carbon.

Operating within the parameters specified is important. They have been chosen to preferentially heat the carbon suspension which in turn heats the hair follicles and the blood vessels feeding the follicles to temperatures high enough to kill the hair follicles and/or the tissue feeding the follicles but to minimize the heat to the rest of the skin tissue. The energy application time is a most important parameter. It must be chosen so that a large amount of energy is deposited in the suspension quickly so that the temperature of the suspension rises rapidly to about above 70-80° C. This temperature applied for about 1 second is high enough to kill the follicles and/or the vessels feeding the follicles. During this short period heat transferred to the skin tissue is not enough to damage the skin tissue except that tissue immediately surrounding the follicle. A good practice is to start out with the power densities specified. It will be evident when enough energy is being supplied because the hair shaft will begin to curl. If curling is not achieved the power density could be increased up to about 2-3 Joules per square centimeter or until sufficient energy is delivered to devilitize the hair.

We have performed hair removal experiments using the parameters shown in Table 2 with, excellent results. There is no significant pain. The hair is permanently removed and there is no apparent detrimental effect.

We performed a qualitative mathematical analysis in order to estimate heat absorption and temperature distribution in the hair and skin tissue. This analysis is shown in Table 3.

Thus, under these assumptions each pulse would heat the carbon oil suspension roughly about 5° C. (The reader is cautioned that the above analysis is not to be relied on as a quantitative description of the process of heating the carbon oil suspension in the hair duct. For example, for many people the assumption that ¼ of the energy of each pulse goes into the hair duct is probably too high.)

TABLE 2 Heating of hair and carbon oil suspension in hair duct. Repetition Rate 33 pulses per second Time between pulses about 0.03 seconds Hair duct diameter 0.1 mm Energy Per Pulse 0.1 J Energy per second (0.1 J) (33) = 33 J/sec = 3 W Beam spot 1 cm² Hair spacing 130 hairs/cm² Distance between hairs 0.1 cm = 1 mm Assume ¼ of energy goes into hair duct Energy per hair per pulse (0.1 J/130)/4 = 0.00016 J Length 1 mm Diameter 0.1 mm $\text{Vol.} = {{l\quad {\pi \left( \frac{D}{2} \right)}^{2}} =}$

${\left( {0.1\quad {cm}} \right){\pi \left( \frac{0.01}{2} \right)}^{2}} = {0.0000078\quad {cm}^{3}}$

Density of oil and hair = 0.9 gm/cm³ Mass of oil & hair 0.000007 gm Specific heat of oil & hair assume 4 J/gm ° C. ${\Delta T} = \frac{Q}{mc}$

$\frac{0.00016J}{\left( {0.000007\quad \text{gm}} \right)\quad 4{J/\text{gm}}\quad {^\circ}\quad {C.}} \approx {5{^\circ}\quad {C.}}$

Each pulse will also heat the skin in general. I do not have a good estimate of the portions of the energy of the pulse reflected, absorbed in the hair ducts and absorbed in the skin in general. However, we have assumed for this qualitative analysis that about ½ of the energy the laser pulse reflects, {fraction (1/4 )}is absorbed in the hair ducts and ¼ is absorbed in the skin in general. If we assume that the skin is heated fairly uniformly to a depth of 0.2 cm, a skin density of 1 gm/cm³ and a specific heat for the skin, of 4 J/gm°C. the 0.025 J pulse will heat this typical skin section about 0.04 degrees C. Based on these assumptions, the 60 pulses over about 2 seconds will give a general heating of about 2° C. Therefore, heat deposited generally to the skin would be negligible. (Again, the reader is cautioned regarding the qualitative nature of this analysis. In practice I believe much of the energy from the pulse CO₂ laser is absorbed in a very thin area of the surface possibly as thin as 0.1mm depending on the dryness of the skin. In some cases a very thin layer of the skin is actually vaporized in the process, but this is usually the layer which consists of essentially dead cells which naturally flake off the skin surface. Also, since the epidermis is such a poor heat conductor the underlying layers of skin is typically protected from damage except those portions very close to the carbon oil suspension.)

However, heat from the hot carbon oil suspension will be transferred by conduction to the tissue surrounding the hair duct. Applicant Tankovich used the following relationship (see note 10 of Zwig & Wibber, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. QE-23, No. 10 October (1987), Mechanical and Thermal Parameters In Pulsed Laser Cutting of Tissue) to estimate the heat spread from the hot carbon oil suspension in the duct: $d = \sqrt{K\quad t}$

where d represents the thickness of a heated zone during a time t, K being the heat of conduction. Assuming K=1.44×10⁻³ cm²/S and using 0.03 sec as the time interval between pulses, we estimate that the heat spreads out by about 0.007 cm from the hair duct between each pulse. This is about equal to the radius of the hair duct so we assume that about one half of the temperature rise from each pulse is transferred to the surrounding tissue during the 0.03 second following each pulse. This means that the net increase in the temperature of the carbon-oil suspension from each pulse will be roughly 2.5° C.

Thus, as depicted in FIG. 4 in about ⅔ second the temperature of the carbon-oil suspension in the hair duct has risen from a normal temperature of 37° C. to about 90° C., a temperature high enough to kill the follicle and the tissue cells immediately surrounding the hair follicle (i.e., within about ±5 hair diameters). In a little more than one second the temperature has risen to about 140° C. which we currently propose as the upper range. At this point the patient would begin to feel pain. Therefore, the illumination should be applied so that no spot is illuminated longer than about one or two seconds during one scan. FIGS. 4A and 4B shows a rough approximation of the temperature distribution between ±8 millimeters of the center for a typical hair duct after 20 and 40 pulses.

For this process I illuminate a 10 cm² area by making 2 or 3 passes over each spot during a 20 second scanning period. For each spot the temperature will have dropped from the range of about 100° C.-140° C. to below about 50° C. during the approximately 7 seconds between scans.

As a result of the illumination applicant Tankovich estimates that for many patients essentially all follicles will be killed or will die within 2 weeks because of reduced nourishment due to the destruction of the tissue surrounding the hair duct which feed the follicle. I also estimate that the destroyed tissue is confined to within about 3-6 millimeters (about 6-12 hair diameters) of the center of the hair. Although I list this as a preferred embodiment, it does not work well on all persons. In some cases pain and some surface burning is experienced before the hair tissue is destroyed. For these persons, one of my alternative embodiments is recommended.

NEAR INFRARED LASER METHOD

This process is the same as the first embodiment described above except the laser wavelength is 1.06 microns, the pulse duration is about 1000 times less (i.e, in the range of 25-30 pico seconds), the energy per pulse is about 100 times less or about 3-6 mJ and the spot size is about 0.1 to 0.3 cm². At this wavelength the skin penetration is maximum. In this case much less energy is required because a much larger percentage of the energy is absorbed in the contaminant.

A preferred laser to provide the 1.06 micron beam is a Nd:YAG laser which produces a 1.06 micron laser beam. The laser output could be continuous or pulsed with pulsed lengths of from a few nanoseconds to a few milliseconds. Glass lasers are also available for producing beams in the 1.06 micron range. These lasers are typically pumped either with flash lamps or laser diodes.

The inventors have done computer simulations to determine the heating effects in the hair ducts and the surrounding skin. The simulations involved radiative and heat transfer calculations. The parameters included radiative and heat transfer properties of human skin and the properties of the contaminant which in this wave was carbon in oil (50% by volume).

The results of the study are summarized in FIG. 6 shows the temperature rise in the contaminant as a function of time and distance along the hair channel measured from the surface. Calculations are for a laser flux of 4 watts per sq. cm. applied for a duration of 5 seconds. These calculations assume that the hair channel is angled at 30 degrees from the plane of the skin surface. The graph shows heating of the contaminant with temperature rises of about 40 to 60 degrees C. These calculations were also performed to determine the temperature rise in uncontaminated skin sections. They show a temperature rise of less than about 8 degrees C.

When working with 1.06 micron laser, a small portion about 0.05 percent of the beam can be frequency doubled so the beam is visible.

SEVERAL LASER WAVELENGTHS METHOD

This process is the same as the first embodiment described above except the laser source irradiates several wavelengths simultaneously. Like Nd:YAG 1.06 micron with doubled frequency 532 nm. Infrared radiation of 1.06 micron would be the best for the penetration depth and interaction with the contaminant in the root channel. Visible portion of this radiation of 532 nm would interact with hair follicle pigment and its blood vessel oxyhemoglobin same time. This will increase energy deposit into the hair follicle tissues to destroy it by overheating. Pulse width in nanosecond range is about 100 ns with energy density 10-15 J/cm² of 1.06 micron and 5-6 J/cm² of 532 nm with repetition rate of 3-8 Hz. In picosecond range a pulse width is about 25-30 picosecond with energy density 50-60 mJ/cm² of 1.06 micron and 20-30 mJ/cm2 of 532 nm.

STAIN METHOD

A second embodiment involves the use of dyes to stain the hair follicles. A pulse laser beam of light having a wavelength corresponding precisely to a resonance frequency of the dye illuminates the hair and skin area where the hair is to be removed. The dye and laser beam are chosen so that there is very little absorption by the skin tissue but great absorption by the dye. As indicated in FIG. 5 the photons will undergo diffuse reflection in the skin. But when a photon intersects the hair it is absorbed.

To stain the follicles, dye is mixed to form a solution which will penetrate into the follicles. A good substance used to form this solution is hydropertis. In one embodiment, I use commercial hair dye #124 (deep black with blue) and India ink which already contains such a solution. It is rubbed on the skin and hair and let stand for 30 minutes. The dye will migrate through the hair all the way to the root. India ink could also be used.

The skin is cleaned using standard dye removal solution. This India ink and dye #124 have an absorption peaks at ˜694 nm and ˜587 nm which matches perfectly with the wavelength of 587 nm dye laser. Dye #124 also has a resonance of 531 and 584 nm corresponding to the output of a copper vapor laser supplied by Spectra Physics.

For this embodiment I use a pulse width of 150 ns ruby laser and 200 μs dye laser. With a beam cross section diameter of 0.4 cm, the energy density is 2.5-8.5 J/cm ². There are many other dye-laser combinations available which will be obvious to persons skilled in the laser art. The secret is to match the laser wavelength with a resonance peak in a dye which can be applied to and absorbed in the follicles. India ink (essentially the same as tattoo ink) has a high absorption from UV up to IR.

I have described below a good general procedure for hair removal practicing the stain method.

1. Discolor hairs with hydrogenperoxide 1 hour prior to staining hairs.

2. Cut or shave hairs leaving about 1 mm of hair above the skin.

3. Stain hairs with the ink or dye (red or orange, preferably). More ink or dye would be located around the hair and its pores because of the liquid surface tension near the hair.

4. Leave substance covered for 40-50 minutes.

5. Wash skin surface several times with alcohol, until the skin surface returns to its, normal color, except hair pores.

6. Make 3-4 spots for the test with different power densities to choose individual optimal dose for the patient.

7. Start lasering in 3-6 hours after the staining procedure, one laser shot per spot.

8. Cover the area irradiated with Aloe Vera Gel or Laser Cream after the procedure.

9. Give these instructions to the patient:

use Bicicytrine ointment topically first three days;

spare the area irradiated when taking shower, don't use hard sponges;

protect the area from direct sunlight by sunscreen or dress;

take Tylenol if there is any discomfort;

call if necessary.

10. Examine the skin in 1, 2 and 3 weeks.

11. Repeat the procedure if necessary for the hairs which were in Anagen or Catagen phases during the laser HR.

Titanium-Sapphire laser could be used. This laser covers the parameters of Ruby laser, penetrates human skin about as well as the Ruby laser and has a wider band of radiation within the absorption spectrum of these dyes.

PHOTO CHEMICAL DESTRUCTION

A third embodiment for practicing this invention is to apply photosensitizers to the hair so that it is absorbed along the full length of the hair to the root. The skin area is then illuminated with laser light which readily penetrates the skin but is absorbed resonantly by the photosensitizer. The photosensitizer undergoes a chemical reaction which is deadly to the hair follicles.

A good specific example of this embodiment of the present invention is to apply a 20% solution of hematoporphyrin derivatives topically to the skin over where the hair to be removed has been recently shaved. The solution is absorbed into the portion of the hair remaining under the skin by capillary action. The skin is then cleaned thoroughly with an alcohol pad. Next the skin area is illuminated with an argon dye laser at 632 nm. The energy required is about 5-10 Joules per square centimeter. In this case, the time period is not very important. It could be several minutes per square when the laser energy is absorbed in the hematoporphyrin derivatives, singlet oxygen is produced as a result of photochemical reaction. The singlet oxygen is toxic for lipoproteins and phosphorlipids in the hair follicles and the follicles are thus killed.

SKIN COVER METHOD

This method is essentially the same as the Coat and Heat Method described above except that the surface of the skin is not cleaned after the application of and massaging in of the carbon-oil suspension. The skin surface appears like that shown in cross-section in FIG. 2B instead of 2C for the irradiation step. In this case the carbon-oil suspension serves as a shield for the skin surface permitting higher laser doses with no significant injury to the epidermis and dermis of the skin. Preliminary tests indicate that this is a very effective and safe method of hair removal. The outermost surface of the skin being a very good insulator prevents any substantial heat transfers to the lower layers of the skin and prevents any significant damage to the skin.

ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS CONTAMINATION OF HAIR OF TISSUE

It is also possible to contaminate orally or intravenously the hair or tissue feeding the hair. A preferred method for oral contamination is as follows:

A solution of disodium fluoresein 2-5% consentration given orally. Within 3 to 72 hours a significant portion of the disodium fluoresein will be concentrated in the body hair of the patient. Sections of the skin containing the hair to be removed is irradiated with a laser pulsed at a wavelength matched to NaFl. Preferred laser sources are HeCd (441 nm), Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) frequency shifted to about 500 nm and Er:Glass (1.54 μs) tripled to 513 nm. Other sources with wavelengths from 370 nm to 520 nm would be satisfactory. Preferred power levels are between 5 to 15 J/cm² depending on hair depth, type of skin Disodium Fluoresein metabolism, etc. Preferred pulse duration is 1 μs or less. Indocyonin green and alexandritee laser is a good combination for ths approach.

OTHER CONTAMINANT—LASER COMBINATIONS

There are many other chemicals which can be used in the stain method and the photochemical method. I have listed in Table 3 some of these along with a corresponding recommended laser for the illumination.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

It is very important for all of these embodiments and in other embodiments which will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that the light absorbing substances have a very high absorption coefficient at frequencies which pass readily through the surface of the human skin. An illumination source is matched to this frequency. The substance used can be one with a high resonance peak at the frequency or it can be one with a high broad absorption coefficient over a wide band continuing the illumination frequency. The important thing is to use a light of a frequency which diffuses through the skin and has a relatively low absorption in the skin and to use an absorber for contaminating the hair which will provide very high absorption of the light. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that certain frequencies will be preferred for light skinned persons and other frequencies may be preferred for dark skinned persons. The preferred beam size is about 1 square centimeter but could be as large as about 5 square centimeters.

TABLE 3 Dyes and matching laser. DYE LASER Hematoporphyrin Argon Dye (630 nm) derivatives Indocyanine Green Diode Laser (785 nm) Microcyanine Copper Vapor (540) Photophrin II Argon Dye (630) Chlorin-E6 Dye (660) Chlorophyll Argon Dye (630) derivatives Black Ink Ruby Laser (694) Any of the above dyes Tunable titanium-sapphire

While the above description contains many specifications, the reader should not construe these as limitations on the scope of the invention, buy merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof. For example, FIG. 8 shows how a fiber optic bundle can be spread to produce a flat laser beam for scanning the scan surface. Those skilled in the art will envision many other possible variations are within its scope. Accordingly the reader is requested to determine the scope of the invention by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the examples which have been given. 

We claim:
 1. A process for inhibiting growth in a section of human skin, of a plurality of hairs growing in hair ducts from follicles at the bottom of said ducts and being nourished by skin tissue immediately surrounding said follicles, essentially without damage to skin tissue except to said skin tissue immediately surrounding said follicles, comprising the steps of: a. selecting a contaminant including a dye having a high optical absorption of at least one frequency band of light which will penetrate said section of skin, b. applying said contaminant to the surface of said section of skin in such a manner as to cause a portion of said contaminant to infiltrate said hair ducts and stain the hair follicles, and c. illuminating said section of skin with said at least one frequency band of light, a significant portion of which penetrates the section of skin and is absorbed in said dye in said hair ducts causing a reaction which inhibits growth of said hairs by causing heating of said follicles or of the skin tissue feeding said follicles.
 2. The process as in claim 1 wherein said high absorption at said at least one frequency is a resonance peak for said dye.
 3. The process as in claim 1 wherein tissue surrounding said plurality of hairs is damaged in order to cause death of the follicles over a period of a few days.
 4. The process as in claim 1 wherein said dye is a hair dye.
 5. The process as in claim 1 wherein said frequency band is matched to an absorption peak in said hair dye.
 6. The process as in claim 5 wherein said hair dye is standard commercial hair dye #124 and the frequency band is produced by a 587 nm dye laser.
 7. The process as in claim 1 wherein the dye and the at least one frequency band of light are chosen from the following group of contaminant—laser combinations: CONTAMINANT LASER [Hematoporphyrin Derivation with Argon Dye (632 nm)] Indocyanine Green with Diode Laser (785 nm) Microcyanine with [Cooper] Copper Vapor (540 nm) [Photophrin II with Argon Dye (630 nm) Chlorin-E6 with Dye (660 nm)] Chlorophyll Derivatives with Argon Dye (630) Black Ink with Ruby Laser (694 nm) [Carbon Powder in Oil with CO₂ Laser (10.6 microns) Carbon Powder in Oil with Nd:YAG Laser (1.06 nm)] Any of the above contaminants with Tunable titanium-sapphire.


8. The process as in claim 1, wherein said illuminating step is carried out while observing the section of skin undergoing illumination and continuing said illuminating at least until the hair on the section of skin begins to curl.
 9. A process for inhibiting growth in a section of human skin, of a plurality of hairs growing in hair ducts from follicles at the bottom of said ducts and being nourished by skin tissue immediately surrounding said follicles, essentially without damage to skin tissue except to said skin tissue immediately surrounding said follicles, comprising the steps of: a. selecting a contaminant including carbon particles; b. applying said contaminant to the surface of said section of skin in such a manner as to cause a portion of said contaminant to infiltrate said hair ducts, and c. illuminating said section of skin with at least one frequency band of light, a significant portion of which will penetrate said section of skin and be absorbed in the particles in said hair ducts, causing a reaction which inhibits growth of said hairs by causing heating of said follicles or of the skin tissue feeding said follicles.
 10. The process as in claim 9 wherein said frequency band of light is a band centered about 10.6 microns (wavelength) and is produced by a CO₂ laser.
 11. The process as in claim 10 wherein said laser produces pulses of said light having an energy density of about 6 J/cm².
 12. The process as in claim 11 wherein the rate of repetition of said pulses is about 8 to about 30 Hz.
 13. The process as in claim 11 wherein said light is scanned across said portion of skin at a rate of about 20 to about 30 seconds per 10 cm².
 14. The process as in claim 11 wherein the energy of each of said pulses is about 0.1 J.
 15. The process as in claim 11 wherein said pulses define a pulse duration and the duration of said pulses is about 200 ns to about 275 ns.
 16. The process as in claim 9 wherein said at least one frequency band of light comprises light at a wavelength of about 1.06 microns.
 17. The process as in claim 9 wherein said frequency band of light is in the form of a laser beam having a cross sectional area of at least 0.5 cm² where said beam illuminates said section of skin.
 18. The process as in claim 9 wherein said at least one frequency band of light is produced by an Nd:YAG laser.
 19. The process as in claim 9 wherein said particles have a size of about 10-20 nm.
 20. The process as in claim 18 wherein a portion of said contaminant remains on the surface of said skin section and is vaporized by one or more of the pulses in said series of pulses so as to permit subsequent pulses in said series of pulses to penetrate said skin section and be absorbed in said particles in said hair ducts.
 21. The process as in claim 9 wherein said frequency band of light is produced in a series of pulses by a pulse laser.
 22. The process as in claim 21 wherein said laser is a Nd:YAG laser that provides a laser beam having a cross sectional area of about 0.1 to 0.3 cm² where said beam illuminates said section of skin.
 23. The process as in claim 22 wherein said laser produces pulses of said light having about 3 to about 6 mJ of energy per pulse.
 24. The process as in claim 23 wherein said pulses define a pulse duration and the pulse duration is about 25 to about 30 pico seconds.
 25. The process as in claim 22 wherein about 0.05 percent of the beam is frequency doubled.
 26. The process as in claim 25 wherein said laser produces pulses of light having an energy density of about 10 to about 15 J/cm².
 27. The process as in claim 25 wherein said laser also provides a second doubled frequency band of light with pulses of light having a wavelength of about 532 nm.
 28. The process as in claim 27 wherein the pulses of said laser define a pulse duration and the duration of said pulses is about 100 nano seconds and the repetition rate of the pulses is about 3 to about 8 Hz, and wherein said frequency band of light has an energy density of about 10 to about 15 J/cm² and said doubled frequency band of light has an energy density of about 5 to about 6 J/cm².
 29. The process as in claim 27 wherein said pulses of said laser define a pulse duration and the pulse duration is about 25 to about 30 pico seconds, and wherein said frequency band of light has an energy density of about 50 to 60 mJ/cm² and said doubled frequency band of light has an energy density of about 20 to 30 mJ/cm².
 30. The process of claim 9 wherein the contaminant is heated to a temperature of from about 70° C. to about 80° C. for about 1 second.
 31. A process for retarding growth of hair growing from a follicle at the bottom of a hair duct in skin, essentially without damage to skin tissue except to skin tissue immediately surrounding the follicle, comprising the steps of: a. infiltrating into spaces in the hair duct a contaminant including a dye having a high optical absorption of at least one frequency band of light that will penetrate the skin surrounding the hair duct; b. illuminating the skin containing the hair duct with the at least one frequency band of light, a significant portion of which penetrates the skin and is absorbed by infiltrated contaminant in the hair duct, the heat energy absorbed in the infiltrated contaminant damaging skin tissue immediately surrounding the follicle, whereby growth of the hair is retarded.
 32. The process according to claim 31 wherein the energy absorbed in the infiltrated contaminant heats the skin tissue immediately surrounding the follicle.
 33. The process according to claim 32 wherein the skin tissue immediately surrounding the follicle is heated to a temperature of from about 70° C. to about 80° C. for about 1 second. 